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Theological Fine Tuning

Show me the word "God" anywhere in the probability equations.

Saying the universe was 'finely tuned' requires by necessity a tuner. The universe may have created conditions for life but there's no reason to assume this wasn't just random chance.

Yes you can make the assumption I suppose, just as you can make one for conditions made by intention, so to speak. There's one thing for sure: There IS such thing as "creation" and "design". And there is such thing as "intelligence", even though on a much lesser scale to the "assumed" creation of the universe idea.

Saying that, I have not seen or heard of any scientific observations done by anyone documenting "life" appearing out of random chance obviously.

Are the conditions any different today one would wonder ? Probably not by this particular understanding.. otherwise it would be quite noticeable...life popping out of nowhere frequently.

(brb in a bit)
 
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regarding posts 14 and 31 and the OP

Following the OP about the FTA and ignoring my post addressing your straw man you added this in post 14......
These facts have been latched onto by theologians and apologists to claim that the Universe as we know it is so unlikely, that there must be an all powerful, intelligent creator to account for that fact. Ignoring other possibilities of course. And jumping to conclusions.
Complete straw man. You are the one ignoring the facts here. You ignore the fact that you are referring to a deductive argument constructed to provide evidence for design. Which combined with other distinctly individual arguments (LCA, KCA, MA and RA) builds a case for God’s existence. No jumping to conclusions and certainly not ignoring any of the other possibilities which we have a history of debating. Those are disingenuous assertions without evidence.
But at root, failing to account for how such a being can come to exist and how unlikely that is.
Again the argument you posited in our OP does not pertain to cause. It pertains to the best explanation for fine-tuning. Cause and explanation are two different issues. Thus by conflating the two you're also committing a categorical fallacy.

The theistic case is far more sophisticated than your simple straw man.

What I am suggesting is that if an existing Universe that can support life is unlikely, and cannot happen by chance, a Universe that can support existence of a God as described is even more unlikely.
A properly placed “THEN” would have helped clarify your argument.
But…….
What you are suggesting is either a backwards straw man
Or
You are equivocating your use of the word “support”. That is a fallacy as well. Because you are clearly inferring........ That in the same way......... X supports Y, X supports Z.

Examine……..

When you first use the word “support” here….. "an existing Universe that can support life is unlikely” you are clearly meaning “provides substance for being, gives life to”. Crystal clear.

But how are you using “support” in the second part here…… "a Universe that can support existence of a God”?

Does it mean the same that the universe gives life to God? If so then you are not talking about theism but pantheism. Thus you are out of your own context and building a straw man of the theistic position. We are certainly not trying to infer that the universe is fine-tuned for God’s existence. Thats completely backwards.


Or……… did your second use of “support” in “a Universe that can support existence of a God” mean “provides evidence for”. If that is the case then you are committing an equivocation fallacy. Because you changed the way in which you were using the word “support”. Just like Krauss does with his use of the word nothing.

Either way your argument is a fallacy. Theism remains unaffected.
The fine tuning argument is what philosopher Schopenhauer called a taxi cab argument, an argument used to arrive to a desired conclusion and then dismissed.
The taxi cab fallacy would not even reasonably apply to the FTA. It is not that kind of argument.

You and I have been here before and perhaps that is why you ignored my first response to you. You are mixing up arguments again. Schopenhauer’s taxi cab has been falsely leveled at premise one of the KCA but not the FTA. If you disagree, simply provide some evidence.

The only place where I can reason that the Schopenhauer taxi cab fallacy would apply in reference to tha FTA is against those that deny the need for an explanation of fine-tuning.

wait.... how convenient you just brought it back up........post 31
First of all, if one brings God in as a first cause, as an explanation of all things other than himself, then to avoid Schopenhauer’s “taxi cab” objection to the cosmological argument (Schopenhauer charged that the causal principle behind the cosmological argument was dismissed once the existence of God was proved, like a cab that is no longer needed once one is at the destination, and not applied to God himself) one must affirm that God is the explanation of his own existence, perhaps by there being a sound ontological argument, though possibly outside of our grasp, for his existence or by his existence being implicated by his essence.

Note the use of the objection. It’s an objection to the use of God as a first cause. In other words, it’s specifically an objection to an argument that God made the universe. So, it’s a counter to the very argument of Cosmological Contingency that Craig is defending when he invokes the “fallacy”!

This is intellectual dishonesty of staggering proportions.
Wow you couldn't have timed that any better. You just proved my contentions above. Your OP was addressing the FTA. Not only did you get the argument backwards you conflated it with the KCA and LCA and got the Schopenhauer reference wrong.

The FTA concludes the best explanation for the fine-tuning is design.
The KCA concludes universe has a cause.
The LCA concludes the explanation of the universe's existence is God.

Three different arguments for three different objectives, therefore three different lines of reasoning.

You are ignorantly or dishonestly twisting the different objectives and arguments to create a straw man. You and I have been here before, not to long ago when you conctructed the straw man that theists argue that since science/evolution cannot account for morality therefore God. This board is your playground to construct and knock over straw man. You atheists applaud yourselves as the reasonable ones. Is there anyone amoung you that will be honest enough to address his blanant straw man?

BTW your use of the Schopenhauer there in post 31 is doing the same thing by mixing the LCA and KCA. It's a common mistake.
 
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from post 13

The Christian God is eternal, thus has no beginning, he has no cause.

1. How did you arrive at that position? You see, I suspect that you more or less read it somewhere or were told it, and you believed it.

2. Unlike yours, my theories don't suffer from special pleading.

2-nil to me if I'm not mistaken.

1. How did you arrive at that position?

First there is the “why” I was operating from that position. It was the context. CC was referencing theism.

How……………….

1. How did you arrive at that position? You see, I suspect that you more or less read it somewhere or were told it, and you believed it.

That requires a very long answer. So I will state it briefly……Well yes. I’ve read/studied a lot of philosophy, cosmology and theology. It was a reasoned conclusion to my investigations. Philosophically something has to be an eternal first cause. Cosmologically the universe is not that eternal something and needs a cause. Examining a forensically complied list of characteristics that a cause of the universe would have to have points directly to the context of CC’s thread…the Biblical God. That was very brief to say the least. And that would be the subject of another thread. But that really has nothing to do with CC's OP..........explained here.........................

2. Unlike yours, my theories don't suffer from special pleading.

First of all your charge of special pleading here would not apply to the fine-tuning argument. It could refer to the KCA or LCA. That was one of the errors I was trying to point out in CC's purposed argument. He gets them mixed up all the way down to his bogus Schopenhauer reference. To mix them up and then assert your mix up is the theistic position is a straw man. Now you and others are here contending against those other arguments. I do not want to derail this thread by jumping to either of those. I'm trying to show CC and the rest of you where his argument in the OP was a straw man and thus fails.

But....for you here breifly

The terminology of special pleading applies to an argument. This "first-cause" arguments have been around for thousands of years. And for thousands of years the universe and God were thought to be eternal and thus without cause. That the universe was considered eternal was not a scientific claim. It was a metaphysical claim based on proper reasoning. The same reasoning I conclude for God. However, most plausibly science has recently (past century) kicked the universe out of the category of the eternal. Thus the Biblical God is all that reasonably remains as the best explanation for the first cause. There is no special pleading, only elimination. To claim special pleading in this context of the KCA, you would have to ignore or be ignorant of thousands of years of history as to why the universe was considered eternal.

Now its your turn………………

1. How did you arrive at that position? You see, I suspect that you more or less read it somewhere or were told it, and you believed it.

So what are reasons for asserting special pleading? How did you arrive at them? I suspect that you more or less read it somewhere on the internet, and you believed it.

And then......How does that charge apply to the fine-tuning argument for design, which does not concern itself with eternity anyway?
 
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from post 19

How did the Universe become so fine tuned to allow for the existence of an intelligent, personal, omnipotent, omnibenevolent, omniscient God? So specifically.....

The premise of your concept does not reflect an understanding of theism. It is the other way around. It’s the existence of an intelligent, personal, omnipotent, omnibenevolent, omniscient, ETERNAL God that best explains the existence of the finite, fine-tuned universe.

Of course his premise reflects an understanding of theism -- it understands that theism is based on special pleading fallacies. His argument tries to draw theists' attention to these; but of course theists are resistant, and will think however fallaciously they need to think in order to avoid seeing what's staring them in the face.

His “argument” had nothing to do with special pleading there. I clearly pointed out his reflection of theism was backwards. Theists do not assert what he says we assert there. That’s all.

You and Cheerful Charlie are using the word "universe" in two different ways. He's using it to mean "everything". You're using it to mean "everything on one side of an arbitrary border in my mind, a line I can use as an excuse to shut down chains of reasoning any time they threaten to cross it." You put planets and people and so forth on the "universe" side of your mental border, and you put God on the other side, the "not universe" side. Cheerful Charlie doesn't do that. Let us therefore discard the word "universe", since it has become a hindrance to clarity.

Then he should have been addressing pantheism and not theism. To a Biblical theist the universe is all of physical reality, the space-time continuum and all therein. A theist asserts that God transcends the universe. This is a common understanding in the context of theism and philosophy….. his chosen context. So if he is trying to make an argument against theism he should address theism….Right?

Let us instead use the word "reality". If God is real, then He/She/It qualifies as a part of reality, yes? "Reality" means all real things.

I have no problem with the term reality. But understand this common contextual understanding, theism asserts that the physical realty of the universe is obviously a created subset of a larger transcendent reality.



You are welcome to put god within the universe, but you wouldn’t be referring to theism, you would be referring pantheism. It is a clear common distinction. If you want to find error with it then go right ahead. But it would be straw man to posit theism as pantheism. And CC was clearly addressing theism.



If the subset of reality on the left side of the border in your mind requires fine-tuning in order for thinking animals to exist in it,

A theist does not require fine-tuning for animals to exist. That’s absurd. A theist formally argues that the best explanation for existence of the fine-tuning we observe is design.
 
Wouldn't we also need, somewhere in there, a formal definition of 'life?'

Slightly off-topic but is the biological definition philosophically insufficient?

There is no single 'biological definition' of life.

Biologists use a variety of definitions, none of which produce a clear distinction between life and non-life that places all the things we want to call 'life' into the 'life' category, while simultaneously excluding all of the things we want to call non-life.

The idea that we have a single, universal, and categorical biological definition of life is widespread, but false.

For example, some of the various definitions of life include the ability to reproduce. But those definitions exclude huge numbers of animals and plants from the 'life' category. A definition in which my 90 year old aunt is not an example of 'life' because she never had children, is a poor definition. You might fudge things, and say that she had the potential to reproduce - but then you still exclude from 'life' any person born without functioning reproductive organs. A definition of 'life' that excludes some living, breathing human beings is not a very good definition.

Sadly though, if we exclude the ability to reproduce from our definition, we end up with things that fit our other criteria for 'life', but which we do not want to categorise as alive - things like hurricanes, landslides, or lava flows, for example.

'Alive' is one of those categories that we all seem to agree on, but are not able to easily define. That's probably because it's not a distinction that has an actual analog in reality - 'alive' isn't as meaningful as we are prone to assume, and reality doesn't fit neatly into the boxes we want to make for it.

Is a virus alive? What about a crystal? What about a crystal made up of viruses?

I don't think broad categorizations are necessarily meant to apply to your aunt as an individual but as a human being in the general sense so I wouldn't say those old definitions are invalidated by her exception to the rule.
 
from post 11

What surprises me is not that people find themselves in a universe that is "fine tuned" to produce them but that anyone would expect to find themselves in a universe that was not.
The issue isn’t an issue of “finding” yourself in a fine–tuned universe. It is an issue of what is the best explanation for the observed fine-tuning. Or are you simply trying to assert that they don’t need explaining? If so then science is your dismissed taxi cab.

Of course, the universe was not always in tune with beings like us, and it seems inevitably on a course to go out of tune.
Not sure we are talking about the same thing here. You seem to be indicating that these constants are actually variables. Well they aren’t variables. Here is what theists mean by fine-tuning.

When the physical laws of nature are given mathematical expression, they contain numerous constants or quantities whose values are not determined by the laws themselves. By “fine-tuning” one typically means that the actual values assumed by these constants or quantities in question are such that small deviations from those values would render the universe life-prohibiting. Also keep in mind that there is the cumulative effect that there are several of them. How is that to be explained? Physical necessity, chance or design?

ps The anthropic principal and the FTA are related but not synonymous. One is a principle based on scientific observation, the other is an theological argument for design as the best explanation for those scientific observations.
 
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So what are reasons for asserting special pleading?

Dead simple. God supposedly being eternal and uncaused is special pleading by gullible woo-heads who seem to live their entire lives on some sort of brain holiday. What are they (you?) even doing on a rational scepticism forum anyway? I mean, what's the point, if they/you are just going to believe any old superstitious god of the gaps garbage? They/you should stick with bible studies maybe, and hear stories about Jesus and God the eternal elf king. And learn to spell properly, ffs. It's 'principle' not 'principal'.
 
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Show me the word "God" anywhere in the probability equations.
Dude! Did you even read the rest of my post? "God" doesn't need to be anywhere in the probability equations. The universe also can't be scientifically described as "finely tuned" for life without necessarily requiring use of the word "Godzilla". The universe can't be scientifically described as "finely tuned" for life, full stop. We do not yet have enough science to scientifically tell the difference between a fine-tuned universe and a life-was-practically-inevitable universe.

It is scientific observation which suggests/shows that life is exceedingly improbable - orders of magnitude - given the known constants. Whether that gives rise to speculation of teleology or monkeys randomly typing Shakespearean sonnets by pure chance is optional.

And last time I checked, science is still stuck on the question of abiogenesis - not religion.
 
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Show me the word "God" anywhere in the probability equations.

Saying the universe was 'finely tuned' requires by necessity a tuner. The universe may have created conditions for life but there's no reason to assume this wasn't just random chance.

Yes you can make the assumption I suppose, just as you can make one for conditions made by intention, so to speak. There's one thing for sure: There IS such thing as "creation" and "design". And there is such thing as "intelligence", even though on a much lesser scale to the "assumed" creation of the universe idea.

Saying that, I have not seen or heard of any scientific observations done by anyone documenting "life" appearing out of random chance obviously.

Are the conditions any different today one would wonder ? Probably not by this particular understanding.. otherwise it would be quite noticeable...life popping out of nowhere frequently.

(brb in a bit)

No, saying something is "Tuned" expressly requires the intent of an external actor who does the tuning. It would be like saying the galaxy was artificed into being but with no creator. The nature of the word artificed in the given context explicitly requires and artificer for the words to make sense.

Also for the universe to be created goes against the idea that the universe is eternal which sort of undermines the idea of god as an allegory for the universe.
 
So what are reasons for asserting special pleading?

Dead simple. God supposedly being eternal and uncaused is special pleading by gullible woo-heads who seem to live their entire lives on some sort of brain holiday. What are they (you?) even doing on a rational scepticism forum anyway? I mean, what's the point, if they/you are just going to believe any old superstitious god of the gaps garbage? They/you should stick with bible studies maybe, and hear stories about Jesus and God the eternal elf king. And learn to spell properly, ffs. It's 'principle' not 'principal'.

Seriously............... :cool:

Dead simple. God supposedly being eternal and uncaused is special pleading by gullible woo-heads like you who seem to live their entire lives on some sort of brain holiday.

Note that is simply an ad hominin attack. An indicator that your position is unsustainable. You did not even answer the question. You're supporting my belief that you simply read it somewhere an don't really understand it. You just believe it because some atheist said so on the internet.

What are you even doing on a rational scepticism forum anyway?

At the moment...... trying to address your uncivilized and unreasonable tantrum.

I mean, what's the point, if you're just going to believe any old superstitious garbage?

I gave you a breif history of my reasoned approach for my conclusion. That you did not address. You simply continue to confuse your emoting for reason.

Lets try again because you definitely missed this point....................

Try something new this time and seriously think about what I said and then answer this question.........

How was the universe properly considered to be eternal?
 
There is no single 'biological definition' of life.

Biologists use a variety of definitions, none of which produce a clear distinction between life and non-life that places all the things we want to call 'life' into the 'life' category, while simultaneously excluding all of the things we want to call non-life.

The idea that we have a single, universal, and categorical biological definition of life is widespread, but false.

For example, some of the various definitions of life include the ability to reproduce. But those definitions exclude huge numbers of animals and plants from the 'life' category. A definition in which my 90 year old aunt is not an example of 'life' because she never had children, is a poor definition. You might fudge things, and say that she had the potential to reproduce - but then you still exclude from 'life' any person born without functioning reproductive organs. A definition of 'life' that excludes some living, breathing human beings is not a very good definition.

Sadly though, if we exclude the ability to reproduce from our definition, we end up with things that fit our other criteria for 'life', but which we do not want to categorise as alive - things like hurricanes, landslides, or lava flows, for example.

'Alive' is one of those categories that we all seem to agree on, but are not able to easily define. That's probably because it's not a distinction that has an actual analog in reality - 'alive' isn't as meaningful as we are prone to assume, and reality doesn't fit neatly into the boxes we want to make for it.

Is a virus alive? What about a crystal? What about a crystal made up of viruses?

I don't think broad categorizations are necessarily meant to apply to your aunt as an individual but as a human being in the general sense so I wouldn't say those old definitions are invalidated by her exception to the rule.
Thing is: life isnt some sort of principal rule as gravity or space time. Life is a thing (or rather multiple things): a biochemical process interconnected in spacetime. Your ancestors where vessels containing/being this chemical process. Vessels that branched into other vessels. Follow this back in time you see that in 4dim spacetime we are all connected in a giant, ancient chemical process. Most of life on earth is the current parts of this chemical process, but there may also be some unconnected ones.

Thus life is more of an event than a property of cosmos.
 
I gave you a breif history of my reasoned approach for my conclusion.

I'm sorry, but I only talk with woo-heads regarding their woo when they can at least fucking spell.

It's brief, not breif.

As you wish.

I'll let you bow out.
Thanks for trying.
Sorry to say I cant you give any credit for trying though.
I have yet to you take any of the arguments posted to you here seriously.
 
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