The difference between good debt and bad debt
Yes, good investment is best. But that's not what Greece has been doing. It's been wasting that loan money. I say they've wasted it on high wages/benefits to workers, when they should have slashed that even more, and even then the Greek workers would be doing better than the Bulgarians, who are not starving.
You say they've wasted it on bankers, or --- whatever, it's been wasted, didn't go to improving Greece for the future.
So whatever, they've wasted it, and they should stop doing the same thing anymore. They should not try to "negotiate" a better deal which would only be more of the same. Rather, they should tighten their belts, do whatever it takes, on a pay-as-you-go basis for now, with maybe no chance of any future borrowing for decades, as no one will trust them. So be it.
I don't disagree, but your question was why countries are better off having debt than "payign as they go". Only utterly bankrupt countries that have no other options because nobody would lend them a dime do so, . . .
You'll correct me if I'm wrong, but I'm thinking NONE of them do so. Is there a country today that has no debt?
I think they're all (unless there's 1 or 2 exceptions) running chronic debt. And maybe some of the debt is legitimate, but most of it is not for legitimate investment, but for "economic stimulus" which means basically propping up "jobs" ("job creation") and propping up wages/benefits to workers, in order to "stimulate demand." This really makes them worse off in the long run. But when it's invested in legitimate infrastructure and real public needs, then yes, they're better off having that debt. But much or most is just to prop up "demand" and pander to wage-earners, and they'd be better off to end it. Even pay-as-you-go would produce better long-term results than running up debt based on snake-oil economic theories about "demand" and "economic stimulus."
. . . and are much worse off for it.
Which countries are these which have no debt, or have defaulted, and are serving the public needs in a pay-as-you-go system only? I think such a country is BETTER off in the long run than one which keeps running up new debt in order to pay off previous debt. But is there really an example of such a debt-free country?
Pretending that the Greek problems are magically solved if they just default is not realistic, . . .
Do you mean that default is NEVER the best solution? EVER, no matter how deep in debt the country is? no matter how impossible the new terms would be? Isn't there a point where that does become the best choice? Why wouldn't Greece today be such a case?
. . . even you seem to think that's a good idea only because you have exactly the same punishment mentality shared by most of the Eurogroup countries.
So then, any system of reward-penalty is bad for the economy? It's not good for the economy to have incentives which reward good behavior and penalize bad behavior? Is competition also bad for the economy when it rewards good behavior and penalizes bad behavior?
Also, you used Lithuania as an example, but keep in mind, that Lithuanian national debt (even if one of the lowest in Europe), is still around 40% of the country's GDP.
Yes, other countries also are running up too much debt, not just Greece. They need to stop it.
How much is too much? Economists seem to think that up to 60% of GDP is fine . . .
The percent of GDP is not what's important. What matters is how the debt money is being "invested" -- if it's invested in legitimate public needs it might be good, even if the debt-GDP is higher than 60%.
What makes it too much/not too much is not the high percent of GDP, but whether it's good for future production and thus future revenue to pay back the debt. If the point is to drive up future cost-efficient production and thus prosperity and future revenue, then it's good debt, but if it is done to stimulate "demand" and goose the economy with high wages and "job creation" and "full employment" etc., then it's doomed to failure in the long run, and that country would be better off to stop such debt-spending and balance its budget instead.
That should be the main rule, or answer to "how much is too much?"
. . . in terms of it having a negligible economic impact.
They should stop thinking in terms of "negligible economic impact." All bad impact is bad, even a small amount of bad impact. Good investment in real need does not have bad impact, other than paying the cost, but the net result is a good impact -- the cost is worth it, the net result is positive. That's what should define whether the debt is legitimate or not. "Negligible economic impact" only means that we can put up with some bad impact, as long as we get so many million new "jobs" in return.
This is the wrong standard or rule to apply in deciding whether the debt is justified or not. Not how much negative impact we can put up with in return for so many more "jobs" created. No, but rather --
1) is this spending going to improve our economy, with new needs being met, better long-term economic performance, more savings in the future and higher revenue so we can pay down this debt and sometimes run a surplus instead of a debt? If the answer to this is yes, then it's good investment. But if the answer is:
2) well, it will harm us a little in the long run, but it's only a few billion dollars of harm, "negligible" damage, so it's a small price to pay in return for the instant gratification of so many hundred thousand or million new "jobs" to help reduce the unemployment numbers -- then no, that's bad debt. Even if it would be only a 5% debt/GDP ratio -- That bad debt is still too high.
This is why the Greek debt has been wrong: It's been done for the sake of "jobs" and "economic stimulus" and boosting "demand" of workers rather than efficient future production to increase revenue and pay down that debt.
But there's really no consensus on where to draw the line.
As long as they keep thinking this way, the debt should stop, the Greeks should DEFAULT, and a new philosophy of evaluating debt needs to be found.