Domestication of animals

[steve_bank]

Jumping over from a religion thr o0n p[ets.


Coydogs, a neighbor had one up in North Idaho.

Coydog - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

A coydog is a canid hybrid resulting from a mating between a male coyote and a female dog. Hybrids of both sexes are fertile and can be successfully bred through four generations.[1] Similarly, a dogote is a hybrid with a dog father and a coyote mother.

Such matings occurred long before the European colonization of the Americas, as melanistic coyotes have been shown to have inherited their black pelts from dogs likely brought to North America through the Bering Land Bridge 12,000 to 14,000 years ago by the ancestors of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.[2]

A captive female coyote mating with a male dog, then nursing the resulting hybrids ("dogotes")

In captivity, F1 hybrids tend to be more mischievous and less manageable as pups than dogs, and are less trustworthy[clarification needed] in maturity than wolfdogs.[1] Hybrids vary in appearance, but generally retain the coyote's adult coat color, dark neonatal coat color, bushy tail with an active supracaudal gland, and white facial mask. F1 hybrids tend to be intermediate in form between dogs and coyotes, while F2 hybrids are more varied. Both F1 and F2 hybrids resemble their coyote parents in terms of shyness and intrasexual aggression.[5] Hybrid play behavior includes the coyote "hip-slam".[6] A population of non-albino white coyotes in Newfoundland owe their coloration to a MC1R mutation inherited from Golden Retrievers.[7]

Dog breeds

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dog_breed

Horse breeds

List of horse breeds - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Cattle

List of cattle breeds - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

Chicken

List of chicken breeds - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org

A short list.. Then there is plant domestication. Potato, wheat, rice, and corn.

Where we would be without pant and animal domestication? Maybe wearing loin cloths and gatherng seeds and nuts.

 

[Elixir]

Jumping over from a religion thr o0n p[ets.


Coydogs, a neighbor had one up in North Idaho.

One of the things I really miss about working with our Company, is visiting the print shop. The couple who ran it had a coy-dog named Latigo who was one of the coolest canines I ever met. She was super protective of her owners and very reticent to trust strangers. But cute as a button, extremely smart and even more fond of the few people who took the time to be with her than a "normal" dog would be.
I spend a solid half hour or more, on several occasions, to make a connection with her. By the time I retired, she would come running when she heard my voice, and bury herself in my arms. Probably the softest dog I ever touched! I'd waste the better part of an hour whenever possible, playing with her and her stuffed toys, which she never destroyed... I miss that pup SO much.
Latigo lives in the San Luis Valley. In her prime she could have run away from home and competed easily with native coyotes and raptors for the copious supply of rodents The Valley has to offer, but she never did. She preferred the "freedom" of being the Head of Security for the print shop, the touch of the few humans she trusted, serving as a touchstone for her owners' sanity, and the free food and shelter that came with "the job".
The symbiosis is beyond strong, it's truly profound.

 

[steve_bank]

My neighbor's Coy-dog had exceptional hearing. He could tell when their car was coming and put its paws up on the porch rail looking down the street before it came into sight and turned the corner onto the street.

I fed him when they were away.

 

[lpetrich]

 Lists of breeds - dog, cat, cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse, donkey, rabbit, rat, guinea pig, chicken, turkey, duck, goose, pigeon, honeybee

 List of domesticated animals - the first one was the dog, about 15,000 years ago (13,000 BCE) in Eurasia. That date is around the time of the  Bølling–Allerød Interstadial a brief warm period in the last Ice Age shortly before the beginning of the current warm period, the Holocene, some 12,000 years ago.

This warm people allowed people to live in relatively large sedentary communities, much like the Pacific Northwest people that European explorers and settlers discovered. This may then have enabled the domestication of local wolves, who then became the first dogs. These people did not domesticate plants, unlike a few millennia later, when the climate became both warm and stable.

Some 12,000 years ago (10,000 BCE), in the Levant, the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea - Israel/Palestine, Lebanon, coastal Syria - invented agriculture, planting crop plants and then harvesting the parts that they wanted to eat. Over the next few thousand years, these people domesticated sheep, goats, cows, and pigs.

Agriculture was invented in several places in the early Holocene, and early farmers spread out from those places. Cats were domesticated in the Middle East, chickens in Southeast Asia, camels in Arabia, guinea pigs in Peru, donkeys in NE Africa, horses in Ukraine - S Eur Russia - Kazakhstan, ...

 

[Swammerdami]

Mozarella cheese is very popular in Thailand but much of it is imported. The water buffalo is a good source of this cheese but neither of the two major breeds of water buffalo is ideal for mozarella production in the Kingdom. Gene research to the rescue?

It is interesting that there are MANY domesticated species in Family Bovidae: Goat, Eland, Nilgai?, and Tribe Bovini (cattle, buffalo)
I put a question-mark after Nilgai (Genus Boselaphus) because it doesn't seem to have been domesticated in antiquity, but there are efforts to domestic it today.

Tribe Bovini contains 5 non-extinct genera; three of which -- African cape buffalo, American bison, and saola (aka Asian unicorn) -- have never been domesticated. Domestication depends on a particular endocrinology to suppress "skittishness."
But Genera Bos and Bubalus have a large number of domesticated species and breeds. A large majority of the Earth's mammalian biomass is in Bos or Homo. The #3 and #4 slots might belong to Sus and Bubalus -- Is this correct? In any case, man and his pets and livestock make up about 96% of the Earth's mammalian biomass.

Bos includes yak, banteng, gayal, zebu and of course cattle among its domesticated species.
Bubalus includes water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) as the main domesticated species, with some other species closely related to water buffalo, some domesticated in the past.

The two main breeds of water buffalo are the river buffalo and the swamp buffalo. The former is more productive, but the latter better tuned for Thailand's climate. A river/swamp hybrid buffalo seems to be the solution for Thailand to produce high quality mozarella cheese domestically.

Although the river and swamp buffalo are given the same Latin species name, the two breeds have 50 and 48 chromosomes respectively. Hybrid off-spring have 49 chromosomes in the first generation, but the breeder's goal is stable 50-chromosome individuals from later generations.

 

[southernhybrid]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_domesticated_animals

This page gives a list of domesticated animals,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_domesticated_animals#cite_note-Table_of_Domesticated_Animals-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a> also including a list of animals which are or may be currently undergoing the process of domestication and animals that have an extensive relationship with humans beyond simple predation. This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated but captive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, and tameable. In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significant genetic, behavioural and morphological changes from their wild ancestors, while others have changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potential selective breeding. A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, but there is not always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, so there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated.

It's debatable whether or not some parrots are totally domesticated. It was believed that they were during the early 90s, when we became pet bird nuts. Cockatiels and Love birds are on the list and I do think they are quite domesticated as I had one of each as a pet decades ago. I also had a very friendly little parakeet when I was a child. They seemed to love being with us. The love bird understood a lot of language, including knowing to fly to the bathroom and sit on the shower curtain rod, when I asked him if he wanted to take a bath. The cockatiel was also very sweet and seemed to enjoy being a pet.

The two larger parrots were a bit more of a challenge, despite being hand raised from infancy. We did mange to give them good homes for over 30 years, but they each got attached to one of us while acting like they wanted to kill the one who they didn't like. One was a rescue and the other was an infant when we adopted the little critter. I mentioned that they both died over the past few months, so I no longer worry about them outliving us, as most people don't have the patience to care for pet parrots, so sadly they are often mistreated, passed from home to home etc. and even euthanized. They need lots of attention and are unhappy if they can't see their human flock.

 

[Elixir]

 Lists of breeds - dog, cat, cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse, donkey, rabbit, rat, guinea pig, chicken, turkey, duck, goose, pigeon, honeybee

 List of domesticated animals - the first one was the dog, about 15,000 years ago (13,000 BCE) in Eurasia. That date is around the time of the  Bølling–Allerød Interstadial a brief warm period in the last Ice Age shortly before the beginning of the current warm period, the Holocene, some 12,000 years ago.

This warm people allowed people to live in relatively large sedentary communities, much like the Pacific Northwest people that European explorers and settlers discovered. This may then have enabled the domestication of local wolves, who then became the first dogs. These people did not domesticate plants, unlike a few millennia later, when the climate became both warm and stable.

Some 12,000 years ago (10,000 BCE), in the Levant, the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea - Israel/Palestine, Lebanon, coastal Syria - invented agriculture, planting crop plants and then harvesting the parts that they wanted to eat. Over the next few thousand years, these people domesticated sheep, goats, cows, and pigs.

Agriculture was invented in several places in the early Holocene, and early farmers spread out from those places. Cats were domesticated in the Middle East, chickens in Southeast Asia, camels in Arabia, guinea pigs in Peru, donkeys in NE Africa, horses in Ukraine - S Eur Russia - Kazakhstan, ...

And then there's this -

The exploration of Chauvet Cave, France led to discovery of 26 000 year old child footprints alongside paw prints of a wolf/domesticated dog. They reveal the oldest known evidence of human-canine relationship.​

So, some concluded this from seeing two sets of prints along side each other. I'd like to know... were they going into, or out of the cave? Or maybw two sets in, and only one set out?

 

[lpetrich]

Human Footprints at Chauvet Cave - Archaeology Magazine Archive

Garcia estimates that the boy was about four-and-a-half feet tall, his feet more than eight inches long and three-and-a-half inches wide. First spotted in 1994 by Jean-Marie Chauvet, the cave's discoverer, the footsteps stretch perhaps 150 feet and at times cross those of bears and wolves. The steps lead to the so-called room of skulls, where a number of bear skulls have been found. In a few places there is evidence that the boy slipped on the soft clay floor, though Garcia says the prints show the boy was not running, but walking normally. The boy appears at one point to have stopped to clean his torch, charcoal from which has been dated to ca. 26,000 years ago. The prints from the Chauvet Cave, like nearly all footprints thus far discovered in Palaeolithic caves, are from bare feet, which has led scholars to speculate that people of the time either left footwear at cave entrances or carried them.

26,000-Year-Old Child Footprints Found Alongside Paw Prints Reveal Oldest Evidence of Human-Canine Relationship | Ancient Origins

It is amazing to think of a Paleolithic kid exploring this ancient cave, examining the paintings and bear skulls that were placed reverently at the back of the cave. Even more amazing is that accompanying (not stalking) the child’s footprints are the paw prints of a wolf (or possibly a large dog). This timeless image of a child and dog shatters the notion that dogs were only domesticated 15,000 years ago. More importantly, the new time period radically alters the answer to how dogs became man’s best friend.

Were the prints side by side?

 

[Politesse]

Hm.. friend, sacrifice, or psychopomp?