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“Revolution in Thought: A new look at determinism and free will"

But it dos conflict with relativity.

As you state it Pg

A - Light is required for vision and has a finite speed.
B - When a light source is switched on we see the object without delay

A and B are contradictory.
It’s not contradictory when it is understood that light travels at a finite speed but the image (the object’s reflection) is not sent in the light through space/time. That’s what I meant when I said light reveals the external world. It is a condition of sight. It does not bring the external world to us through space/time independent of the object.
It is contradictory, it doe not depend how you look at it.

If light is required for sight and light has a finite speed, there can be no instant vision. If light is required for vision when you turn on a light in a dark room it takes time for light to reach the eye.

This image already at the eye you mention, what is it, where does it come from,.what is it made of.? If you have never seen an object before how can the image be 'already there'?

You say it travels from he object as the object watertight or something like that. What is it made of, does it travel instantaneously? How does it interact with the eye?

Inquiring minds want to know.
 
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We are on opposite sides of reality. I really don't think it's helpful to discuss this with you because it's only going to cause more and more contention. If you believe that the physicist at the Minkowski Institute is correct, and that the past, present, and future already exist on some kind of block universe, and the concept that what happens is only whatever could have happened, is wrong, then by all means, believe whatever floats your boat, Pood. I'm not here to defend Lessans when it will be struck down because he was not an astronomer. Yet, no one has proven him wrong. In the above example, we would see the flash of light at different times because time itself indicates change. Velocity changes clock time, and this clock time has an effect on many applications, but to use this as proof that time is relative... is an absurdity.
Blah blah.

Of course your author’s claims conflict with relativity, OBVIOUSLY so. In the train example the light flashes are perceived at different times by the observers precisely because there is DELAY in seeing, caused by the time it takes for light to get to the eye. Thus there cannot be a universal present as adjudged by observers in different frames of reference. If everyone saw in real time everyone would agree on when the light flashes occur, but they don’t. This is yet again another demonstration of how the claim of real-time seeing is toast.
 
Normally I don’t quote AI, but the following is correct and sums things up in a nutshell:

Special relativity shows that simultaneity is relative—two events that happen at the same time for one person do not for another. Instant seeing would require an absolute, universal time, which relativity explicitly denies.

Once more, the author’s claims are toast, though I don’t know why we lack a toast emoji. :sadcheer:
 
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At FF peacegirl argued relativity theory was wrong (it’s not). Now she is arguing that her author’s claim is consistent with relativity (it’s not).

So which is it, peacegirl?
 
That’s what I meant when I said light reveals the external world.
How?
The way he described.
It is a condition of sight.
Why?
Because of efferent vision, he described his observations regarding how we become conditioned. Conditioning does not come through the light, and it does not come out of thin air. There is a cause. The cause has to do with words and how we are able to project and attach them to real substance. For example, we can accurately say that we see a woman with a hat on, which is an accurate description (the words " woman and hat" exist and can be called real substances), but when we say we see a beautiful woman with a hat on, the word "beautiful" is not descriptive of real substance. It is a word that our culture attached to specific features (it doesn't matter which culture, the same mechanism applies) We are taught from an early age that certain features are associated with the word beautiful (given a positive inflection)l and certain features are associated with the word ugly (given a negative inflection) and from this a host of evils have followed until today. He believed this idea of beauty and ugliness started during the time of Aristotle, when the eyes were named as one of the senses. It was then not difficult for a standard of beauty and ugliness to develop because, once this conditioning took place, no one could deny that these beautiful and ugly people did not exist, since we could see them with our very eyes, and our eyes don't lie. If he was wrong about his observations, that would be another story, but so far, no one has disproved him.
 
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As to the block world, we know that relativity theory allows for future-directed time travel. A person traveling at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light may experience only a year of clock time on ship yet return to an earth on which thousands or millions of years have passed depending on how fast the traveler was moving. Travel to the past can be achieved by theoretical closed timelike curves. If backward time travel is theoretically possible then there must exist a past to travel to.

Future-directed time travel can also be achieved via general relativity in the presence of a massive gravity well, such as a black hole.
 
Hat is a noun. Beautiful is a subjective contextual adjective. Grade-high school grammar.

Subjective impressions and labels lead to pain and suffering? No kidding, nothing mew.

Still don;t see anything revolutionary. More like stating the obvious.

The use of and creation of subjective labels(words) to control and harm goes far back in human history.

They also arise out of cultural processes.


A meme (/miːm/; MEEM) is an idea, behavior, or style that spreads by means of imitation from person to person within a culture and often carries symbolic meaning representing a particular phenomenon or theme.


I don't want to be insulting, but did Lesssans get a primary 1-12th grade education?

If not don't feel bad. My father dropped out of school as a teen and jointed the Merchant Marines before WWII. H worked a a carpet and tile installer.
 
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As to the block world, we know that relativity theory allows for future-directed time travel. A person traveling at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light may experience only a year of clock time on ship yet return to an earth on which thousands or millions of years have passed depending on how fast the traveler was moving. Travel to the past can be achieved by theoretical closed timelike curves. If backward time travel is theoretically possible then there must exist a past to travel to.

Future-directed time travel can also be achieved via general relativity in the presence of a massive gravity well, such as a black hole.
I can’t read without putting tape around my lips. Pood, with all due respected you are not the final proof. You cannot hold any argument against relativity for a minute. Tests that show clock change are real. We cannot say that what is seen on a clock are wrong. But.. that does not mean time is relative when Lessans proves that seeing in real time has nothing whatsoever to do with your refutation. You are doing everything humanly possible to discredit this man, but it faiks its own tests.
 
And again real time instant vision conflicts with C taken to be the limit at which any information of any kind can travel.

Signals in the brain can not travel faster than C.

'Without delay' and relativity are mutably exclusive.

Can you show what efferent vision means in he book?
 
As to the block world, we know that relativity theory allows for future-directed time travel. A person traveling at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light may experience only a year of clock time on ship yet return to an earth on which thousands or millions of years have passed depending on how fast the traveler was moving. Travel to the past can be achieved by theoretical closed timelike curves. If backward time travel is theoretically possible then there must exist a past to travel to.

Future-directed time travel can also be achieved via general relativity in the presence of a massive gravity well, such as a black hole.
I can’t read without putting tape around my lips. Pood, with all due respected you are not the final proof. You cannot hold any argument against relativity for a minute. Tests that show clock change are real. We cannot say that what is seen on a clock are wrong. But.. that does not mean time is relative when Lessans proves that seeing in real time has nothing whatsoever to do with your refutation.
:rofl:

Of course it proves that seeing in real time is impossible! If we saw in real time relativity would be false, but it’s not false!

At FF you claimed relativity was wrong. (That’s false)

Here, you claimed your writer’s claims are compatible with relativity (that is also false).

So you have contradicted yourself. Which (false) claim would you now like to defend?

Oh, and this:

How is it possible for light to be at the eye instantly even as you concede that it takes light time to get to the eye?
 
We are on opposite sides of reality. I really don't think it's helpful to discuss this with you because it's only going to cause more and more contention. If you believe that the physicist at the Minkowski Institute is correct, and that the past, present, and future already exist on some kind of block universe, and the concept that what happens is only whatever could have happened, is wrong, then by all means, believe whatever floats your boat, Pood. I'm not here to defend Lessans when it will be struck down because he was not an astronomer. Yet, no one has proven him wrong. In the above example, we would see the flash of light at different times because time itself indicates change. Velocity changes clock time, and this clock time has an effect on many applications, but to use this as proof that time is relative... is an absurdity.
Blah blah.

Of course your author’s claims conflict with relativity, OBVIOUSLY so. In the train example the light flashes are perceived at different times by the observers precisely because there is DELAY in seeing, caused by the time it takes for light to get to the eye. Thus there cannot be a universal present as adjudged by observers in different frames of reference. If everyone saw in real time everyone would agree on when the light flashes occur, but they don’t. This is yet again another demonstration of how the claim of real-time seeing is toast.
You don't have to keep repeating yourself. I heard it, and I know what it says. That in no way discounts real-time seeing. They are two different things entirely. Additionally, clock time does not mean TIME ITSELF IS RELATIVE.
 
Ok, 'My ideas are as undeniable as science and math', but that gets you nowhere.

Instant real time vision is a contraction.

Spence ad math have been undergoing change, evolution, revision since the ancient beginnings,.

There is nothing absolute about science.

Scientific claims have repeatable experimental evidence. Lessans posses observational subjection interpretation as evidence which it is not.

There is no possible physical experiment to demonstrate instant vision. Or determinism.

I’m not selling you a bill of goods!

But you are. We look in the book and do not see what you clam is there.

Remember the old Wendy's burger commercial, 'Where's the beef?' The book is all bun and no beef,

]
This is so insane to me. Someone who didn't read the book tells me the book has no beef. You are displaying an ignorance that I can't overcome.
 
His definition of determinism is that we are “compelled of our own free will” to “move in the direction of greater satisfaction.”

The very phrase is asinine, since “compulsion” and “free will” are opposites.

It is also obviously idiotic to suggest that past conditions, including our genetics, do not affect our present choices.

It doesn't make sense in any way you look at it.
It makes absolute sense if you understand that we are always moving in the direction of greater satisfaction from the moment we get up in the morning to the time we go to bed. You are confused DBT. You are in a defensive position trying to protect determinism. We don't have free will, and the author demonstrated why, yet you don't trust him. It's a misconception on your part.
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In reality, we are carried along on the wings of time or life during every moment of our existence and have no say in this matter whatsoever. We cannot stop ourselves from being born and are compelled to either live out our lives the best we can or commit suicide. Is it possible to disagree with this? However, to prove that what we do of our own free will, of our own desire because we want to do it, is also beyond control, it is necessary to employ mathematical (undeniable) reasoning. Therefore, since it is absolutely impossible for man to be both dead and alive at the same time, and since it is absolutely impossible for a person to desire committing suicide unless dissatisfied with life (regardless of the reason), we are given the ability to demonstrate a revealing and undeniable relation.

Every motion, from the beating heart to the slightest reflex action, from all inner to outer movements of the body, indicates that life is never satisfied or content to remain in one position for always, like an inanimate object, which position shall be termed ‘death.’ I shall now call the present moment of time or life here, for the purpose of clarification, and the next moment coming up there. You are now standing on this present moment of time and space called here, and you are given two alternatives: either live or kill yourself; either move to the next spot called there or remain where you are without moving a hair’s breadth by committing suicide.

“I prefer. . .”

Excuse the interruption, but the very fact that you started to answer me or didn’t commit suicide at that moment makes it obvious that you were not satisfied to stay in one position, which is death or here, and prefer moving off that spot to there, which motion is life. Consequently, the motion of life, which is any motion from here to there, is a movement away from that which dissatisfies; otherwise, had you been satisfied to remain here or where you are, you would never have moved to there. Since the motion of life constantly moves away from here to there, which is an expression of dissatisfaction with the present position, it must obviously move constantly in the direction of greater satisfaction. It should be obvious that our desire to live, to move off the spot called here, is determined by a law over which we have no control, because even if we should kill ourselves, we are choosing what gives us greater satisfaction; otherwise, we would not kill ourselves. The truth of the matter is that at any particular moment, the motion of man is not free, for all life obeys this invariable law. He is constantly compelled by his nature to make choices and decisions and to prefer, of whatever options are available during his lifetime, that which he considers better for himself and his set of circumstances. For example, when he found that a discovery like the electric bulb was for his benefit in comparison to candlelight, he was compelled to prefer it, for his motion, just being alive, has always been in the direction of greater satisfaction, which is the direction life is compelled to take. Consequently, during every moment of man’s progress, he always did what he had to do because he had no choice. Although this demonstration proves that man’s will is not free, your mind may not be accustomed to grasping these type relations, so I will elaborate.

Suppose you wanted very much of two alternatives, A, which we shall designate as something considered evil by society, instead of B, the humdrum of your regular routine. Could you possibly pick B at that particular moment of time if A is preferred as a better alternative when nothing could dissuade you from your decision, not even the threat of the law? What if the clergy, given two alternatives, choose A, which shall now represent something considered good, instead of B, that which is judged evil; would it be possible for them to prefer the latter when the former is available as an alternative? If it is utterly impossible to choose B in this comparison, are they not compelled, by their very nature, to prefer A? And how can they be free when the favorable difference between A and B is the compulsion of their choice and the motion of life in the direction of greater satisfaction? To be free, according to the definition of free will, man would be able to prefer one of two alternatives, either the one he wants or the one he doesn’t want, which is an absolute impossibility because selecting what he doesn’t want when what he does want is available as an alternative is a motion in the direction of dissatisfaction. In other words, if man were free, he could actually prefer of several alternatives the one that gives him the least satisfaction, which would reverse the direction of his life and make him prefer the impossible.

I have nothing to defend. How the eyes and brain work in generating sight is well enough understood to dismiss the authors claim of light at the eye/instant vision, including modified determinism in relation to world peace, as absurd.

These ideas are never going to be widely accepted, because they have no merit.
All you are doing is defending the conventional definition, refusing to understand that there is another side which says that determinism cannot cause us to do anything we don't want to do (note: but please understand that this doesn't make our will free), which means that we are responsible for what we do because we can't shift what is our responsibility by saying determinism caused our behavior. Nothing can cause us to do anything we don't consent to. That is a fallacy. That was why it was necessary to make this important distinction. I can see that you have no questions or interest, but I can't hold you responsible because I know you are moving in the direction of greater satisfaction, and for you to be satisfied, you have to defend your position, even though the author's clarification can bring about an enduring peace.


It doesn't make sense. It's all over the place. It just looks like a case of making up a set of claims that are intended to appear like a discovery, but unfortunately happen to contradict both the laws of physics - how the world works - and how determinism is defined.
DBT, I understand why it's hard to see that the present definition of determinism is causing an issue because it isn't able to reconcile "doing of one's own accord" (of one's own desire) and the fact that we couldn't choose (or decide) otherwise. There's nothing all over the place. The only thing that you can say is all over the place is the fact that I am forced to give you small excerpts, which is not giving you the full picture. Lessans was adamant when he said that this knowledge needs to be read in a step-by-step fashion.
-------------------------------------------------------------

In order for this discovery to be adequately understood, the reader must not apply himself and his ideas as a standard of what is true and false but understand the difference between a mathematical relation and an opinion, belief, or theory. The mind of man is so utterly confused with words that it will require painstaking clarification to clear away the logical cobwebs of ignorance that have accumulated through the years. For purposes of clarification, please note that the words “scientificand “mathematical” only mean “undeniable” and are interchanged throughout the text. The reasoning in this work is not a form of logic, nor is it my opinion of the answer; it is mathematical, scientific, and undeniable, and it is not necessary to deal with what has been termed the “exact sciences” to be exact and scientific. Consequently, it is imperative to know that this demonstration will be like a game of chess in which every one of your moves will be forced and checkmate inevitable, but only if you don’t make up your own rules as to what is true and false, which will only delay the very life you want for yourself. The laws of this universe, which include those of our nature, are the rules of the game, and the only thing required to win, to bring about this Golden Age that will benefit everyone… is to stick to the rules. But if you decide to move the king like the queen because it does not satisfy you to see a pet belief slipping away or because it irritates your pride to be proven wrong or checkmated, then it is obvious that you are not sincerely concerned with learning the truth but only with retaining your doctrines at all costs. However, when it is scientifically revealed that the very things religion, government, education, and all others want, which include the means as well as the end, are prevented from becoming a reality only because we have not penetrated deeply enough into a thorough understanding of our ultimate nature, are we given a choice as to the direction we are compelled to travel even though this means the relinquishing of ideas that have been part of our thinking since time immemorial? This discovery will be presented in a step-by-step fashion that brooks no opposition. Your awareness of this matter will preclude the possibility of someone adducing his rank, title, affiliation, or the long tenure of an accepted belief as a standard from which he thinks he qualifies to disagree with knowledge that contains within itself undeniable proof of its veracity. In other words, your background, the color of your skin, your religion, the number of years you went to school, how many titles you hold, your IQ, your country, what you do for a living, your being some kind of expert like Nageli (or anything else you care to throw in) has no relation whatsoever to the undeniable knowledge that 3 is to 6 what 4 is to 8. So please don’t be too hasty in using what you have been taught as a standard to judge what has not even been revealed to you yet.


Science doesn't make up rules on what must be true or false. Science is a method, the study of how the world works through the means of observation and testing.

The world does not work in the way your author claims.

There is no 'light at the eye/instant vision.'

Determinism does not work in the way the author claims.

Neither claim, even if true, which it is not, could possibly lead to the transformation of human nature and world peace.
You are way too premature in your conclusions. Forget the eyes for a moment. You are using this claim against him. Step back, take a breath, and start over without the preconceived ideas that you hold, if that’s even possible.


I have no conclusions. How the world works is not my conclusion.

The world, demonstrably, does not work in the way your author claimed.

Being wrong, the claims of instant vision, tweaked determinism and world peace have no merit. The author was mistaken. That's all.
No, that's not all. The fact that you can say his tweaked definition (which is more accurate) means nothing, implying that world peace has no merit, WHEN YOU HAVEN'T READ THE BOOK JUST LIKE STEVE HASN'T, is a dead giveaway. It explains why you had not one relevant question, I wonder who the hell I am wasting my time with! :sadcheer:
 
As to the block world, we know that relativity theory allows for future-directed time travel. A person traveling at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light may experience only a year of clock time on ship yet return to an earth on which thousands or millions of years have passed depending on how fast the traveler was moving. Travel to the past can be achieved by theoretical closed timelike curves. If backward time travel is theoretically possible then there must exist a past to travel to.

Future-directed time travel can also be achieved via general relativity in the presence of a massive gravity well, such as a black hole.
An appreciable fraction of the speed of light? What thought experiment are you referring to? Has this ever been shown? No, because it's based on mumbo jumbo. You will never come back to Earth young, Pood. You are doomed to die just like the rest of us. And, btw, there are no timelike curves, where time is an actual dimension that can be measured in the way you are suggesting. in fact, there is no arrow of future-directed time or a past to travel to. You are so taken up by Einstein's special relativity that you have lost the capacity to know the difference between fact and fiction.
 
Ok, 'My ideas are as undeniable as science and math', but that gets you nowhere.

Instant real time vision is a contraction.

Spence ad math have been undergoing change, evolution, revision since the ancient beginnings,.

There is nothing absolute about science.

Scientific claims have repeatable experimental evidence. Lessans posses observational subjection interpretation as evidence which it is not.

There is no possible physical experiment to demonstrate instant vision. Or determinism.

I’m not selling you a bill of goods!

But you are. We look in the book and do not see what you clam is there.

Remember the old Wendy's burger commercial, 'Where's the beef?' The book is all bun and no beef,

]
This is so insane to me. Someone who didn't read the book tells me the book has no beef. You are displaying an ignorance that I can't overcome.
Another non answer.

At this point after all the years is it really a mystery why you get nowhere with your ideas?

You are supposed to be the expert. You are trying to convince us.
 
Ok, 'My ideas are as undeniable as science and math', but that gets you nowhere.

Instant real time vision is a contraction.

Spence ad math have been undergoing change, evolution, revision since the ancient beginnings,.

There is nothing absolute about science.

Scientific claims have repeatable experimental evidence. Lessans posses observational subjection interpretation as evidence which it is not.

There is no possible physical experiment to demonstrate instant vision. Or determinism.

I’m not selling you a bill of goods!

But you are. We look in the book and do not see what you clam is there.

Remember the old Wendy's burger commercial, 'Where's the beef?' The book is all bun and no beef,

]
This is so insane to me. Someone who didn't read the book tells me the book has no beef. You are displaying an ignorance that I can't overcome.
Another non answer.

At this point after all the years is it really a mystery why you get nowhere with your ideas?

You are supposed to be the expert. You are trying to convince us.
I have said that coming here was never the right venue. If you believe there is nothing of value in the book (that you didn’t read), then let’s call it quits.
 
As to the block world, we know that relativity theory allows for future-directed time travel. A person traveling at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light may experience only a year of clock time on ship yet return to an earth on which thousands or millions of years have passed depending on how fast the traveler was moving. Travel to the past can be achieved by theoretical closed timelike curves. If backward time travel is theoretically possible then there must exist a past to travel to.

Future-directed time travel can also be achieved via general relativity in the presence of a massive gravity well, such as a black hole.
An appreciable fraction of the speed of light? What thought experiment are you referring to?

This not a thought experiment. It has been repeatably been tested, and verified, including the classic experiment of muon decay, of which you are utterly ignorant as you are of most everything.
Has this ever been shown?

Yes, repeatedly verified for over a hundred years.
No, because it's based on mumbo jumbo. You will never come back to Earth young, Pood. You are doomed to die just like the rest of us.

Did I say I was not doomed to die? Do you read? CAN you read?
And, btw, there are no timelike curves, where time is an actual dimension that can be measured in the way you are suggesting. in fact, there is no arrow of future-directed time or a past to travel to. You are so taken up by Einstein's special relativity that you have lost the capacity to know the differencee between fact and fiction.

Your usual ill-informed idiotic gibberish. Read a book for a change apart from your father’s crap.
 
As has been repeatedly explained to @peacegirl, GPS must take into account both general and special relativity or it would not work. As usual she has ignored these disproofs of her monumental ignorance.
 
As to the block world, we know that relativity theory allows for future-directed time travel. A person traveling at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light may experience only a year of clock time on ship yet return to an earth on which thousands or millions of years have passed depending on how fast the traveler was moving. Travel to the past can be achieved by theoretical closed timelike curves. If backward time travel is theoretically possible then there must exist a past to travel to.

Future-directed time travel can also be achieved via general relativity in the presence of a massive gravity well, such as a black hole.
An appreciable fraction of the speed of light? What thought experiment are you referring to?
It sounds plausible, but if time is not relative, then your entire model of how the world works crumbles.

This not a thought experiment. It has been repeatably been tested, and verified, including the classic experiment of muon decay, of which you are utterly ignorant as you are of most everything.
We can't travel to the past, never could, and never will, because time does not curve. As I said, you'd write a very interesting science fiction thriller.
Has this ever been shown?

Yes, repeatedly verified for over a hundred years.
No, because it's based on mumbo jumbo. You will never come back to Earth young, Pood. You are doomed to die just like the rest of us.

Did I say I was not doomed to die? Do you read? CAN you read?
It is implied in your block universe. It's called eternalism, where we don't die; we just live in a future now. It's like any comforting belief, but when examined closely, it doesn't match reality. There is no way to prove that a block universe actually exists, or could exist, yet you are basing your entire worldview on a flimsy premise.
And, btw, there are no timelike curves, where time is an actual dimension that can be measured in the way you are suggesting. in fact, there is no arrow of future-directed time or a past to travel to. You are so taken up by Einstein's special relativity that you have lost the capacity to know the difference between fact and fiction.

Your usual ill-informed idiotic gibberish. Read a book for a change apart from your father’s crap.
If you dislike my father's writings so much, why do you stick around? Do something that you feel is more productive.
 
As to the block world ... Travel to the past can be achieved by theoretical closed timelike curves. If backward time travel is theoretically possible then there must exist a past to travel to.
In his book, A World Without Time, Palle Yourgrau notes that, as a consequence of relativistically possible worlds which Gödel demonstrated, the past can be revisited, but, "by Gödel's light" this means "that time itself - hence speed and motion - is but an illusion. ... For Gödel, if there is time travel, there isn't time. The goal of the great logician was ... to demonstrate that if one follows the logic of relativity further than its father was willing to venture, the results will not just illuminate but eliminate the reality of time."

Gödel was not intending a reductio. As Yourgrau puts it, "For Gödel, the devices of formal proof are too weak to capture all that is true in the world of numbers" but "[w]hen it came to relativistic cosmology, however, he took the opposite tack. ... relativity is just fine".

Yourgrau goes on to note that "the relativistic establishment, in the person of Stephen Hawking, tried to get around the embarrassing consequences introduced by the Gödel universe ... with their awkward chronologies permitting closed temporal loops and causal chains with no beginning."

What is interesting about the closed temporal loops and their necessary entailment of causal chains without beginnings is that if one travels to a past, and if that relatively future traveler was not at that past when it is/was a present, then that traveled-to past is not identical to the past that passed; it would, therefore, be a new future rather than a passed past.

On the other hand, given the stasis of a universe presumed as static, the relatively future traveler would never have not been at the traveled-to past. Were it otherwise, the past could not rightly be regarded as determinate and determined. If the past can be not-determinate and not-determined, then there is no place (or time) which could be other than not-determinate and not-determined.

As Yourgrau reports, John Wheeler attempted "to summarize" Gödel's viewpoint by saying "there could exist world lines (space-time histories) that closed up in loops. In such a universe, one could, in principle, live one's life over and over again." With regards to that summary, Yourgrau says, "Wheeler, unfortunately, has conflated a temporal circle with a cycle" since in an actually static universe there is no actual cycling, thereby "precisely missing the force of Gödel's conclusion that the possibility of closed, future-directed, timelike curves, i.e., time travel, proves that space-time is a space, not a time in the intuitive sense. ... the time traveler's journey is not over time".

Yourgrau adds, "Wheeler should have known better. As he himself pointed out, an 'unsettling consequence of Einstein's 1905 special theory of relativity is that time is relative.' And not just relative but 'static,' for 'the other thing that special relativity did for time is join it with space ... [and] a consequence of this new space-time view is that motion through time, or motion of time ... is replaced by static time.' But as Gödel showed, a time that is relative or static is no time at all."

This time which is no time at all relates to what Yourgrau says is "One of Einstein's claims to fame ... his uncanny ability not only to provide new descriptions of old phenomena but new definitions as well. ... Everything is really something else; time is really space; gravity is really geometrical curvature; energy is really mass. How can one not love such a thinker?"

The re-definition of time ties in with Gödel's realization regarding "the inability of the formal presentation to capture the intuitive concept. ... the variable that represents the temporal component of four-dimensional space-time cannot bear the standard interpretation of time in the intuitive sense."

And, still, for Gödel, "relativity is just fine" apparently as a consequence of his mathematical Platonism. Yourgrau addresses this saying, "the Gödel universe, after all, is not the actual world, only a possible one. Can we really infer the nonexistence of time in this world from its absence from a merely possible universe? In a word, yes. Or so Gödel argues. ... His mathematical Platonism, which committed him to the existence of a realm of objects that are not accidental ... but necessary, implied immediately that if a mathematical object is so much as possible, it is necessary, hence actual."

Apparently, then, "relativity is just fine" because its mathematics is just fine; anything possible by relativity is mathematically possible, and anything mathematically possible is necessary; so, anything possible by relativity is necessary; therefore, the time which is not time at all is necessary - is necessarily the case - since it is mathematically, relativistically possible. Or something like that?
 
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